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分享Android 蓝牙4.0(ble)开发的解决方案

︶ㄣ米米素材网 メ
米米素材网V管理员 / 阅读
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这篇文章主要为大家分享了Android 蓝牙4.0(ble)开发的解决方案，文中示例代码介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考一下

最近，随着智能穿戴式设备、智能医疗以及智能家居的普及，蓝牙开发在移动开中显得非常的重要。由于公司需要，研究了一下，蓝牙4.0在android中的应用。

以下是我的一些总结。

1.先介绍一下关于蓝牙4.0中的一些名词吧：   
(1)、gatt(gneric attibute  profile)

通过ble连接，读写属性类小数据profile通用的规范。现在所有的ble应用profile  都是基于gatt
(2)、att(attribute protocal)
gatt是基于att potocal的att针对ble设备专门做的具体就是传输过程中使用尽量少的数据，每个属性都有个唯一的uuid，属性chartcteristics and service的形式传输。

(3)、service是characteristic的集合。
(4)、characteristic 特征类型。

比如，有个蓝牙ble的血压计。他可能包括多个servvice，每个service有包括多个characteristic

注意：蓝牙ble只能支持android 4.3以上的系统 sdk>=18

2.以下是开发的步骤：
2.1首先获取bluetoothmanager 

 

复制代码 代码如下:
bluetoothmanager bluetoothmanager = (bluetoothmanager) getsystemservice(context.bluetooth_service); 

 

 

2.2获取bluetoothadapter

 

复制代码 代码如下:
bluetoothadapter mbluetoothadapter = bluetoothmanager.getadapter(); 

 

2.3创建bluetoothadapter.lescancallback

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private bluetoothadapter.lescancallback mlescancallback = new bluetoothadapter.lescancallback() {
 
  @override
  public void onlescan(final bluetoothdevice device, int rssi, final byte[] scanrecord) {
 
   runonuithread(new runnable() {
    @override
    public void run() {
     try {
      string struuid = numberutils.bytes2hexstring(numberutils.reversebytes(scanrecord)).replace("-", "").tolowercase();
      if (device!=null && struuid.contains(device_uuid_prefix.tolowercase())) {
       mbluetoothdevices.add(device);
      }
     } catch (exception e) {
      e.printstacktrace();
     }
    }
   });
  }
 };

2.4.开始搜索设备。

 

复制代码 代码如下:
mbluetoothadapter.startlescan(mlescancallback); 

 

2.5.bluetoothdevice  描述了一个蓝牙设备 提供了getaddress()设备mac地址,getname()设备的名称。
2.6开始连接设备

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/**
 * connects to the gatt server hosted on the bluetooth le device.
 *
 * @param address
 *   the device address of the destination device.
 *
 * @return return true if the connection is initiated successfully. the
 *   connection result is reported asynchronously through the
 *   {@code bluetoothgattcallback#onconnectionstatechange(android.bluetooth.bluetoothgatt, int, int)}
 *   callback.
 */
public boolean connect(final string address) {
 if (mbluetoothadapter == null || address == null) {
  log.w(tag, "bluetoothadapter not initialized or unspecified address.");
  return false;
 }
 
 // previously connected device. try to reconnect. (先前连接的设备。 尝试重新连接)
 if (mbluetoothdeviceaddress != null && address.equals(mbluetoothdeviceaddress) && mbluetoothgatt != null) {
  log.d(tag, "trying to use an existing mbluetoothgatt for connection.");
  if (mbluetoothgatt.connect()) {
   mconnectionstate = state_connecting;
   return true;
  } else {
   return false;
  }
 }
 
 final bluetoothdevice device = mbluetoothadapter.getremotedevice(address);
 if (device == null) {
  log.w(tag, "device not found. unable to connect.");
  return false;
 }
 // we want to directly connect to the device, so we are setting the
 // autoconnect
 // parameter to false.
 mbluetoothgatt = device.connectgatt(this, false, mgattcallback);
 log.d(tag, "trying to create a new connection.");
 mbluetoothdeviceaddress = address;
 mconnectionstate = state_connecting;
 return true;
}

2.7连接到设备之后获取设备的服务(service)和服务对应的characteristic。

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// demonstrates how to iterate through the supported gatt
// services/characteristics.
// in this sample, we populate the data structure that is bound to the
// expandablelistview
// on the ui.
private void displaygattservices(list<bluetoothgattservice> gattservices) {
 if (gattservices == null)
  return;
 string uuid = null;
 arraylist<hashmap<string, string>> gattservicedata = new arraylist<>();
 arraylist<arraylist<hashmap<string, string>>> gattcharacteristicdata = new arraylist<>();
 
 mgattcharacteristics = new arraylist<>();
 
 // loops through available gatt services.
 for (bluetoothgattservice gattservice : gattservices) {
  hashmap<string, string> currentservicedata = new hashmap<>();
  uuid = gattservice.getuuid().tostring();
  if (uuid.contains("ba11f08c-5f14-0b0d-1080")) {//服务的uuid
   //system.out.println("this gattservice uuid is:" + gattservice.getuuid().tostring());
   currentservicedata.put(list_name, "service_ox100");
   currentservicedata.put(list_uuid, uuid);
   gattservicedata.add(currentservicedata);
   arraylist<hashmap<string, string>> gattcharacteristicgroupdata = new arraylist<>();
   list<bluetoothgattcharacteristic> gattcharacteristics = gattservice.getcharacteristics();
   arraylist<bluetoothgattcharacteristic> charas = new arraylist<>();
 
   // loops through available characteristics.
   for (bluetoothgattcharacteristic gattcharacteristic : gattcharacteristics) {
    charas.add(gattcharacteristic);
    hashmap<string, string> currentcharadata = new hashmap<>();
    uuid = gattcharacteristic.getuuid().tostring();
    if (uuid.tolowercase().contains("cd01")) {
     currentcharadata.put(list_name, "cd01");
    } else if (uuid.tolowercase().contains("cd02")) {
     currentcharadata.put(list_name, "cd02");
    } else if (uuid.tolowercase().contains("cd03")) {
     currentcharadata.put(list_name, "cd03");
    } else if (uuid.tolowercase().contains("cd04")) {
     currentcharadata.put(list_name, "cd04");
    } else {
     currentcharadata.put(list_name, "write");
    }
 
    currentcharadata.put(list_uuid, uuid);
    gattcharacteristicgroupdata.add(currentcharadata);
   }
 
   mgattcharacteristics.add(charas);
 
   gattcharacteristicdata.add(gattcharacteristicgroupdata);
 
   mcharacteristiccd01 = gattservice.getcharacteristic(uuid.fromstring("0000cd01-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"));
   mcharacteristiccd02 = gattservice.getcharacteristic(uuid.fromstring("0000cd02-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"));
   mcharacteristiccd03 = gattservice.getcharacteristic(uuid.fromstring("0000cd03-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"));
   mcharacteristiccd04 = gattservice.getcharacteristic(uuid.fromstring("0000cd04-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"));
   mcharacteristicwrite = gattservice.getcharacteristic(uuid.fromstring("0000cd20-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"));
 
   //system.out.println("=======================set notification==========================");
   // 开始顺序监听，第一个：cd01
   mbluetoothleservice.setcharacteristicnotification(mcharacteristiccd01, true);
   mbluetoothleservice.setcharacteristicnotification(mcharacteristiccd02, true);
   mbluetoothleservice.setcharacteristicnotification(mcharacteristiccd03, true);
   mbluetoothleservice.setcharacteristicnotification(mcharacteristiccd04, true);
  }
 }
}

2.8获取到特征之后，找到服务中可以向下位机写指令的特征，向该特征写入指令。

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public void wirtecharacteristic(bluetoothgattcharacteristic characteristic) {
 
  if (mbluetoothadapter == null || mbluetoothgatt == null) {
   log.w(tag, "bluetoothadapter not initialized");
   return;
  }
 
  mbluetoothgatt.writecharacteristic(characteristic);
 
 }

2.9写入成功之后，开始读取设备返回来的数据。

 

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private final bluetoothgattcallback mgattcallback = new bluetoothgattcallback() {
  @override
  public void onconnectionstatechange(bluetoothgatt gatt, int status, int newstate) {
   string intentaction;
   //system.out.println("=======status:" + status);
   if (newstate == bluetoothprofile.state_connected) {
    intentaction = action_gatt_connected;
    mconnectionstate = state_connected;
    broadcastupdate(intentaction);
    log.i(tag, "connected to gatt server.");
    // attempts to discover services after successful connection.
    log.i(tag, "attempting to start service discovery:" + mbluetoothgatt.discoverservices());
 
   } else if (newstate == bluetoothprofile.state_disconnected) {
    intentaction = action_gatt_disconnected;
    mconnectionstate = state_disconnected;
    log.i(tag, "disconnected from gatt server.");
    broadcastupdate(intentaction);
   }
  }
 
  @override
  public void onservicesdiscovered(bluetoothgatt gatt, int status) {
   if (status == bluetoothgatt.gatt_success) {
    broadcastupdate(action_gatt_services_discovered);
   } else {
    log.w(tag, "onservicesdiscovered received: " + status);
   }
  }
  //从特征中读取数据
  @override
  public void oncharacteristicread(bluetoothgatt gatt, bluetoothgattcharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
   //system.out.println("oncharacteristicread");
   if (status == bluetoothgatt.gatt_success) {
    broadcastupdate(action_data_available, characteristic);
   }
  }
  //向特征中写入数据
  @override
  public void oncharacteristicwrite(bluetoothgatt gatt, bluetoothgattcharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
   //system.out.println("--------write success----- status:" + status);
  }
 
  /*
   * when connected successfully will callback this method this method can
   * dealwith send password or data analyze
   
   *当连接成功将回调该方法
   */
  @override
  public void oncharacteristicchanged(bluetoothgatt gatt, bluetoothgattcharacteristic characteristic) {
   broadcastupdate(action_data_available, characteristic);
   if (characteristic.getvalue() != null) {
 
    //system.out.println(characteristic.getstringvalue(0));
   }
   //system.out.println("--------oncharacteristicchanged-----");
  }
 
  @override
  public void ondescriptorwrite(bluetoothgatt gatt, bluetoothgattdescriptor descriptor, int status) {
 
   //system.out.println("ondescriptorwriteondescriptorwrite = " + status + ", descriptor =" + descriptor.getuuid().tostring());
 
   uuid uuid = descriptor.getcharacteristic().getuuid();
   if (uuid.equals(uuid.fromstring("0000cd01-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"))) {
    broadcastupdate(action_cd01notidied);
   } else if (uuid.equals(uuid.fromstring("0000cd02-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"))) {
    broadcastupdate(action_cd02notidied);
   } else if (uuid.equals(uuid.fromstring("0000cd03-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"))) {
    broadcastupdate(action_cd03notidied);
   } else if (uuid.equals(uuid.fromstring("0000cd04-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"))) {
    broadcastupdate(action_cd04notidied);
   }
  }
 
  @override
  public void onreadremoterssi(bluetoothgatt gatt, int rssi, int status) {
   //system.out.println("rssi = " + rssi);
  }
 };
  
 ----------------------------------------------
  //从特征中读取数据
  @override
  public void oncharacteristicread(bluetoothgatt gatt, bluetoothgattcharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
   //system.out.println("oncharacteristicread");
   if (status == bluetoothgatt.gatt_success) {
    broadcastupdate(action_data_available, characteristic);
   }
  }

2.10、断开连接

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/**
  * disconnects an existing connection or cancel a pending connection. the
  * disconnection result is reported asynchronously through the
  * {@code bluetoothgattcallback#onconnectionstatechange(android.bluetooth.bluetoothgatt, int, int)}
  * callback.
  */
 public void disconnect() {
  if (mbluetoothadapter == null || mbluetoothgatt == null) {
   log.w(tag, "bluetoothadapter not initialized");
   return;
  }
  mbluetoothgatt.disconnect();
 }

2.11、数据的转换方法

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// byte转十六进制字符串
 public static string bytes2hexstring(byte[] bytes) {
  string ret = "";
  for (byte abyte : bytes) {
   string hex = integer.tohexstring(abyte & 0xff);
   if (hex.length() == 1) {
    hex = '0' + hex;
   }
   ret += hex.touppercase(locale.china);
  }
  return ret;
 }
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/**
  * 将16进制的字符串转换为字节数组
  *
  * @param message
  * @return 字节数组
  */
 public static byte[] gethexbytes(string message) {
  int len = message.length() / 2;
  char[] chars = message.tochararray();
  string[] hexstr = new string[len];
  byte[] bytes = new byte[len];
  for (int i = 0, j = 0; j < len; i += 2, j++) {
   hexstr[j] = "" + chars[i] + chars[i + 1];
   bytes[j] = (byte) integer.parseint(hexstr[j], 16);
  }
  return bytes;
 }

大概整体就是如上的步骤，但是也是要具体根据厂家的协议来实现通信的过程。

就拿一个我们项目中的demo说一下。
一个蓝牙ble的血压计。 上位机---手机  下位机 -- 血压计
1.血压计与手机连接蓝牙之后。
2.上位机主动向下位机发送一个身份验证指令，下位机收到指令后开始给上位做应答，
3.应答成功，下位机会将测量的血压数据传送到上位机。
4.最后断开连接。

希望本文对大家学习android蓝牙技术有所帮助。