C# 中SharpMap的简单使用实例详解

本文是利用shapmap实现gis的简单应用的小例子，以供学习分享使用。关于sharpmap的说明，网上大多是以shapefile为例进行简单的说明，就连官网上的例子也不多。本文是自己参考了源代码进行整理的，主要是winform的例子。原理方面本文也不过多论述，主要是实例演示，需要的朋友还是以sharpmap源码进行深入研究。
什么是sharpmap ?
sharpmap是一个基于.net 2.0使用c#开发的map渲染类库，可以渲染各类gis数据（目前支持esri shape和postgis格式），可应用于桌面和web程序。代码行数近10000行，可以算是一个实现了最基本功能的gis系统，有利于研究学习使用。
涉及知识点：
sharpmap的基本概念：layer(图层,常用图层：vectorlayer,labellayer) ， iprovider(数据提供者,常用数据源：ogr(对应mapinfo),shapfile,datatablepoint(对应dataset))
坐标转换：主要用于经纬度和地图坐标的转换。
sharpmap知识结构图：
C# 中SharpMap的简单使用实例详解
效果图如下：
（一）车辆轨迹图：数据源：excel数据
C# 中SharpMap的简单使用实例详解
（二）定点数据（数据源：excel）将河南省十七个城市，全部插上小红旗
C# 中SharpMap的简单使用实例详解
（三）使用mapinfo做背景文件（此处通过程序调整了比例尺）
C# 中SharpMap的简单使用实例详解
（四）使用shapfile做背景图
C# 中SharpMap的简单使用实例详解
核心代码
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									using brutile.predefined;

									using geoapi.coordinatesystems.transformations;

									using projnet.coordinatesystems;

									using projnet.coordinatesystems.transformations;

									using sharpmap;

									using sharpmap.data.providers;

									using sharpmap.layers;

									using sharpmap.rendering;

									using sharpmap.rendering.thematics;

									using sharpmap.styles;

									using system;

									using system.collections.generic;

									using system.data;

									using system.data.oledb;

									using system.drawing;

									using system.drawing.drawing2d;

									using system.drawing.text;

									using system.linq;

									using system.text;

									using point = geoapi.geometries.coordinate;

									namespace demosharpmap

									{

									 public class sharpmaphelper

									 {

									 private const string xlsconnectionstring = "provider={2};data source={0}\\{1};extended properties=\"excel 8.0;hdr=yes;imex=1\"";

									 public static map initializemap(maptype tt,float angle)

									 {

									  map map = null;

									  switch (tt)

									  {

									  case maptype.runline:

									   map = initializemaposmwithxls(angle);

									   break;

									  case maptype.mapinfo:

									   map = initializemapinfo(angle);

									   break;

									  case maptype.shapefile:

									   map = initializemaporig(angle);

									   break;

									  case maptype.static:

									   map = initializemaposmwithxls2(angle);

									   break;

									  default:

									   map = initializemaposmwithxls(angle);

									   break;

									  }

									  return map;

									 }

									 /// <summary>

									 /// mapinfo格式的地图文件

									 /// </summary>

									 /// <param name="angle"></param>

									 /// <returns></returns>

									 private static map initializemapinfo(float angle)

									 {

									  //initialize a new map of size 'imagesize'

									  map map = new map();

									  //set up the countries layer

									  vectorlayer laycountries = new vectorlayer("countries");

									  //set the datasource to a shapefile in the app_data folder

									  try

									  {

									  laycountries.datasource = new ogr("geodata/mapinfo/countriesmapinfo.tab");

									  }

									  catch (typeinitializationexception ex)

									  {

									  if (ex.message == "the type initializer for 'osgeo.ogr.ogr' threw an exception.")

									  {

									   throw new exception(

									   string.format(

									    "the application threw a pinvoke exception. you probably need to copy the unmanaged dll's to your bin directory. they are a part of fwtools {0}. you can download it from: http://home.gdal.org/fwtools/",

									    gdalrasterlayer.fwtoolsversion));

									  }

									  throw;

									  }

									  //set fill-style to green

									  laycountries.style.fill = new solidbrush(color.green);

									  //set the polygons to have a black outline

									  laycountries.style.outline = pens.black;

									  laycountries.style.enableoutline = true;

									  laycountries.srid = 4326;

									  //set up a river layer

									  vectorlayer layrivers = new vectorlayer("rivers");

									  //set the datasource to a shapefile in the app_data folder

									  layrivers.datasource = new ogr("geodata/mapinfo/riversmapinfo.tab");

									  //define a blue 1px wide pen

									  layrivers.style.line = new pen(color.blue, 1);

									  layrivers.srid = 4326;

									  //set up a river layer

									  vectorlayer laycities = new vectorlayer("cities");

									  //set the datasource to a shapefile in the app_data folder

									  laycities.datasource = new ogr("geodata/mapinfo/citiesmapinfo.tab");

									  laycities.style.symbolscale = 0.8f;

									  laycities.maxvisible = 40;

									  laycities.srid = 4326;

									  //set up a country label layer

									  labellayer laylabel = new labellayer("country labels");

									  laylabel.datasource = laycountries.datasource;

									  laylabel.enabled = true;

									  laylabel.labelcolumn = "name";

									  laylabel.style = new labelstyle();

									  laylabel.style.forecolor = color.white;

									  laylabel.style.font = new font(fontfamily.genericserif, 12);

									  laylabel.style.backcolor = new solidbrush(color.fromargb(128, 255, 0, 0));

									  laylabel.maxvisible = 90;

									  laylabel.minvisible = 30;

									  laylabel.style.horizontalalignment = labelstyle.horizontalalignmentenum.center;

									  laylabel.srid = 4326;

									  laylabel.multipartgeometrybehaviour = labellayer.multipartgeometrybehaviourenum.largest;

									  //set up a city label layer

									  labellayer laycitylabel = new labellayer("city labels");

									  laycitylabel.datasource = laycities.datasource;

									  laycitylabel.enabled = true;

									  laycitylabel.labelcolumn = "name";

									  laycitylabel.style = new labelstyle();

									  laycitylabel.style.forecolor = color.black;

									  laycitylabel.style.font = new font(fontfamily.genericserif, 11);

									  laycitylabel.maxvisible = laylabel.minvisible;

									  laycitylabel.style.horizontalalignment = labelstyle.horizontalalignmentenum.left;

									  laycitylabel.style.verticalalignment = labelstyle.verticalalignmentenum.bottom;

									  laycitylabel.style.offset = new pointf(3, 3);

									  laycitylabel.style.halo = new pen(color.yellow, 2);

									  laycitylabel.textrenderinghint = textrenderinghint.antialias;

									  laycitylabel.smoothingmode = smoothingmode.antialias;

									  laycitylabel.srid = 4326;

									  laycitylabel.labelfilter = labelcollisiondetection.thoroughcollisiondetection;

									  laycitylabel.style.collisiondetection = true;

									  //add the layers to the map object.

									  //the order we add them in are the order they are drawn, so we add the rivers last to put them on top

									  map.layers.add(laycountries);

									  map.layers.add(layrivers);

									  map.layers.add(laycities);

									  map.layers.add(laylabel);

									  map.layers.add(laycitylabel);

									  //增加layers

									  var xlspath = string.format(xlsconnectionstring, system.io.directory.getcurrentdirectory(), "geodata\\henan.xls", properties.settings.default.oledbprovider);

									  var ds = getdatafromexcel(xlspath, "cities");

									  //var ct = getcoordinatetransformation();

									  //transcoordinate(ds, ct);

									  string columename = "rotation";

									  //add rotation column

									  addcolumetodataset(ds, columename, -angle);

									  var xlslayer = getlayerfromdataset2(ds, color.greenyellow);//set up provider

									  map.layers.add(xlslayer); //add layer to map

									  map.center = xlslayer.envelope.centre;// new point(0, 0);

									  map.mapscale = 350;

									  //map.center = new point(0, 0);

									  //_ogrsampledataset = "mapinfo";

									  //matrix mat = new matrix();

									  //mat.rotateat(angle, map.worldtoimage(map.center));

									  //map.maptransform = mat;

									  //map.zoomtobox(xlslayer.envelope);

									  return map;

									 }

									 /// <summary>

									 /// shapefile

									 /// </summary>

									 /// <param name="angle"></param>

									 /// <returns></returns>

									 private static map initializemaporig(float angle)

									 {

									  //initialize a new map of size 'imagesize'

									  map map = new map();

									  //set up the countries layer

									  vectorlayer laycountries = new vectorlayer("countries");

									  //set the datasource to a shapefile in the app_data folder

									  laycountries.datasource = new shapefile("geodata/world/countries.shp", true);

									  //set fill-style to green

									  laycountries.style.fill = new solidbrush(color.fromargb(64, color.green));

									  //set the polygons to have a black outline

									  laycountries.style.outline = pens.black;

									  laycountries.style.enableoutline = true;

									  laycountries.srid = 4326;

									  //set up a river layer

									  vectorlayer layrivers = new vectorlayer("rivers");

									  //set the datasource to a shapefile in the app_data folder

									  layrivers.datasource = new shapefile("geodata/world/rivers.shp", true);

									  //define a blue 1px wide pen

									  layrivers.style.line = new pen(color.blue, 1);

									  layrivers.srid = 4326;

									  //set up a cities layer

									  vectorlayer laycities = new vectorlayer("cities");

									  //set the datasource to a shapefile in the app_data folder

									  laycities.datasource = new shapefile("geodata/world/cities.shp", true);

									  laycities.style.symbolscale = 0.8f;

									  laycities.maxvisible = 40;

									  laycities.srid = 4326;

									  //set up a country label layer

									  labellayer laylabel = new labellayer("country labels");

									  laylabel.datasource = laycountries.datasource;

									  laylabel.enabled = true;

									  laylabel.labelcolumn = "name";

									  laylabel.style = new labelstyle();

									  laylabel.style.forecolor = color.white;

									  laylabel.style.font = new font(fontfamily.genericserif, 12);

									  laylabel.style.backcolor = new solidbrush(color.fromargb(128, 255, 0, 0));

									  laylabel.maxvisible = 90;

									  laylabel.minvisible = 30;

									  laylabel.style.horizontalalignment = labelstyle.horizontalalignmentenum.center;

									  laylabel.srid = 4326;

									  laylabel.multipartgeometrybehaviour = labellayer.multipartgeometrybehaviourenum.largest;

									  laylabel.labelfilter = labelcollisiondetection.thoroughcollisiondetection;

									  laylabel.style.collisiondetection = true;

									  laylabel.labelpositiondelegate = fdr => fdr.geometry.interiorpoint.coordinate;

									  laylabel.prioritycolumn = "popdens";

									  //set up a city label layer

									  labellayer laycitylabel = new labellayer("city labels");

									  laycitylabel.datasource = laycities.datasource;

									  laycitylabel.enabled = true;

									  laycitylabel.labelcolumn = "name";

									  laycitylabel.style = new labelstyle();

									  laycitylabel.style.forecolor = color.black;

									  laycitylabel.style.font = new font(fontfamily.genericserif, 11);

									  laycitylabel.maxvisible = laylabel.minvisible;

									  laycitylabel.style.horizontalalignment = labelstyle.horizontalalignmentenum.left;

									  laycitylabel.style.verticalalignment = labelstyle.verticalalignmentenum.bottom;

									  laycitylabel.style.offset = new pointf(3, 3);

									  laycitylabel.style.halo = new pen(color.yellow, 2);

									  laycitylabel.textrenderinghint = textrenderinghint.antialias;

									  laycitylabel.smoothingmode = smoothingmode.antialias;

									  laycitylabel.srid = 4326;

									  laycitylabel.labelfilter = labelcollisiondetection.thoroughcollisiondetection;

									  laycitylabel.style.collisiondetection = true;

									  laycitylabel.prioritycolumn = "population";

									  laycitylabel.theme = new gradienttheme(laycitylabel.prioritycolumn, 250000, 5000000,

									  new labelstyle

									  {

									   maxvisible = 10,

									   collisionbuffer = new size(0, 0),

									   collisiondetection = true,

									   enabled = true,

									   forecolor = color.lightslategray,

									   halo = new pen(color.silver, 1),

									   horizontalalignment = labelstyle.horizontalalignmentenum.center,

									   verticalalignment = labelstyle.verticalalignmentenum.middle,

									   font = new font(genericfontfamilies.sansserif.tostring(), 8f, fontstyle.regular)

									  },

									  new labelstyle

									  {

									   maxvisible = laylabel.minvisible,

									   collisionbuffer = new size(3, 3),

									   collisiondetection = true,

									   enabled = true,

									   forecolor = color.lightslategray,

									   halo = new pen(color.silver, 5),

									   horizontalalignment = labelstyle.horizontalalignmentenum.center,

									   verticalalignment = labelstyle.verticalalignmentenum.middle,

									   font = new font(genericfontfamilies.sansserif.tostring(), 16f, fontstyle.bold)

									  });

									  bool ignorelength = false;

									  var layriverlabel = new labellayer("river labels")

									  {

									  datasource = layrivers.datasource,

									  enabled = true,

									  labelcolumn = "name",

									  textrenderinghint = textrenderinghint.antialias,

									  smoothingmode = smoothingmode.antialias,

									  srid = 4326,

									  labelfilter = labelcollisiondetection.thoroughcollisiondetection,

									  multipartgeometrybehaviour = labellayer.multipartgeometrybehaviourenum.commoncenter,

									  style =

									      new labelstyle

									      {

									      forecolor = color.darkblue,

									      font = new font(fontfamily.genericsansserif, 11),

									      horizontalalignment = labelstyle.horizontalalignmentenum.center,

									      verticalalignment = labelstyle.verticalalignmentenum.middle,

									      //collisiondetection = true,

									      halo = new pen(color.azure, 2),

									      ignorelength = ignorelength,

									      offset = new pointf(0, -10)

									      },

									  };

									  //add the layers to the map object.

									  //the order we add them in are the order they are drawn, so we add the rivers last to put them on top

									  //map.backgroundlayer.add(asynclayerproxylayer.create(laycountries));

									  map.layers.add(laycountries);

									  map.layers.add(layrivers);

									  map.layers.add(laycities);

									  map.layers.add(laylabel);

									  map.layers.add(laycitylabel);

									  map.layers.add(layriverlabel);

									  //增加layers

									  var xlspath = string.format(xlsconnectionstring, system.io.directory.getcurrentdirectory(), "geodata\\henan.xls", properties.settings.default.oledbprovider);

									  var ds = getdatafromexcel(xlspath, "cities");

									  //var ct = getcoordinatetransformation();

									  //transcoordinate(ds, ct);

									  string columename = "rotation";

									  //add rotation column

									  addcolumetodataset(ds, columename, -angle);

									  var xlslayer = getlayerfromdataset2(ds, color.greenyellow);//set up provider

									  map.layers.add(xlslayer); //add layer to map

									     //limit the zoom to 360 degrees width

									     //map.maximumzoom = 360;

									     //map.backcolor = color.lightblue;

									  //map.zoom = 360;

									  map.center = xlslayer.envelope.centre;// new point(0, 0);

									  map.mapscale = 350;

									  //matrix mat = new matrix();

									  //mat.rotateat(angle, map.worldtoimage(map.center));

									  //map.maptransform = mat;

									  //map.zoomtobox(xlslayer.envelope);

									  return map;

									 }

									 /// <summary>

									 /// 在线显示，圆点显示轨迹

									 /// </summary>

									 /// <param name="angle"></param>

									 /// <returns></returns>

									 private static map initializemaposmwithxls(float angle)

									 {

									  var map = new map();

									  var tilelayer = new tileasynclayer(

									  knowntilesources.create(knowntilesource.openstreetmap), "tilelayer - osm with xls");

									  tilelayer.srid = 4326;

									  map.backgroundlayer.add(tilelayer);

									  //get data from excel

									  var xlspath = string.format(xlsconnectionstring, system.io.directory.getcurrentdirectory(), "geodata\\cities.xls", properties.settings.default.oledbprovider);

									  var ds = getdatafromexcel(xlspath, "cities");

									  var ds1 = getdatafromexcel(xlspath, "cities2");

									  var ct = getcoordinatetransformation();

									  transcoordinate(ds, ct);

									  transcoordinate(ds1, ct);

									  string columename = "rotation";

									  //add rotation column

									  addcolumetodataset(ds, columename, -angle);

									  addcolumetodataset(ds1, columename, -angle);

									  var xlslayer = getlayerfromdataset(ds, color.greenyellow);//set up provider

									  map.layers.add(xlslayer); //add layer to map

									  var xlslayer1 = getlayerfromdataset(ds1, color.red);

									  map.layers.add(xlslayer1);

									  var xlslabellayer = getlabellayerbyvectorlayer(xlslayer, "xlslabel");

									  xlslabellayer.theme = new sharpmap.rendering.thematics.fontsizetheme(xlslabellayer, map) { fontsizescale = 1000f };

									  map.layers.add(xlslabellayer);

									  map.zoomtobox(xlslayer.envelope.expandedby(xlslayer1.envelope));

									  return map;

									 }

									 /// <summary>

									 /// 在线显示，图标显示轨迹

									 /// </summary>

									 /// <param name="angle"></param>

									 /// <returns></returns>

									 private static map initializemaposmwithxls2(float angle)

									 {

									  var map = new map();

									  var tilelayer = new tileasynclayer(

									  knowntilesources.create(knowntilesource.openstreetmap), "tilelayer - osm with xls");

									  tilelayer.srid = 4326;

									  map.backgroundlayer.add(tilelayer);

									  //get data from excel

									  var xlspath = string.format(xlsconnectionstring, system.io.directory.getcurrentdirectory(), "geodata\\henan.xls", properties.settings.default.oledbprovider);

									  var ds = getdatafromexcel(xlspath, "cities");

									  var ct = getcoordinatetransformation();

									  transcoordinate(ds, ct);

									  string columename = "rotation";

									  //add rotation column

									  addcolumetodataset(ds, columename, -angle);

									  var xlslayer = getlayerfromdataset2(ds, color.greenyellow);//set up provider

									  map.layers.add(xlslayer); //add layer to map

									  var xlslabellayer = getlabellayerbyvectorlayer(xlslayer, "xlslabel");

									  xlslabellayer.theme = new fontsizetheme(xlslabellayer, map) { fontsizescale = 1000f };

									  map.layers.add(xlslabellayer);

									  map.zoomtobox(xlslayer.envelope);

									  return map;

									 }

									 /// <summary>

									 /// 从excel中读取数据

									 /// </summary>

									 private static dataset getdatafromexcel(string xlspath, string sheetname)

									 {

									  dataset ds = new dataset("xls");

									  string sql = string.format("select * from [{0}$];", sheetname);

									  using (var cn = new oledbconnection(xlspath))

									  {

									  cn.open();

									  using (var da = new oledbdataadapter(new oledbcommand(sql, cn)))

									  {

									   da.fill(ds);

									  }

									  }

									  return ds;

									 }

									 /// <summary>

									 /// 获取坐标转换对象

									 /// </summary>

									 /// <returns></returns>

									 private static icoordinatetransformation getcoordinatetransformation()

									 {

									  //the srs for this datasource is epsg:4326, therefore we need to transfrom it to osm projection

									  var ctf = new coordinatetransformationfactory();

									  var cf = new coordinatesystemfactory();

									  var epsg4326 = cf.createfromwkt("geogcs[\"wgs 84\",datum[\"wgs_1984\",spheroid[\"wgs 84\",6378137,298.257223563,authority[\"epsg\",\"7030\"]],authority[\"epsg\",\"6326\"]],primem[\"greenwich\",0,authority[\"epsg\",\"8901\"]],unit[\"degree\",0.01745329251994328,authority[\"epsg\",\"9122\"]],authority[\"epsg\",\"4326\"]]");

									  var epsg3857 = cf.createfromwkt("projcs[\"popular visualisation crs / mercator\", geogcs[\"popular visualisation crs\", datum[\"popular visualisation datum\", spheroid[\"popular visualisation sphere\", 6378137, 0, authority[\"epsg\",\"7059\"]], towgs84[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], authority[\"epsg\",\"6055\"]],primem[\"greenwich\", 0, authority[\"epsg\", \"8901\"]], unit[\"degree\", 0.0174532925199433, authority[\"epsg\", \"9102\"]], axis[\"e\", east], axis[\"n\", north], authority[\"epsg\",\"4055\"]], projection[\"mercator\"], parameter[\"false_easting\", 0], parameter[\"false_northing\", 0], parameter[\"central_meridian\", 0], parameter[\"latitude_of_origin\", 0], unit[\"metre\", 1, authority[\"epsg\", \"9001\"]], axis[\"east\", east], axis[\"north\", north], authority[\"epsg\",\"3857\"]]");

									  var ct = ctf.createfromcoordinatesystems(epsg4326, epsg3857);

									  return ct;

									 }

									 /// <summary>

									 /// 转换地球经纬度到坐标

									 /// </summary>

									 /// <param name="ds"></param>

									 /// <param name="ct"></param>

									 private static void transcoordinate(dataset ds, icoordinatetransformation ct)

									 {

									  foreach (system.data.datarow row in ds.tables[0].rows)

									  {

									  if (row["x"] == dbnull.value || row["y"] == dbnull.value) continue;

									  var coords = new[] { convert.todouble(row["x"]), convert.todouble(row["y"]) };

									  coords = ct.mathtransform.transform(coords);

									  row["x"] = coords[0];

									  row["y"] = coords[1];

									  }

									 }

									 /// <summary>

									 /// 增加列

									 /// </summary>

									 /// <param name="ds"></param>

									 /// <param name="columename"></param>

									 /// <param name="columevalue"></param>

									 private static void addcolumetodataset(dataset ds, string columename, float columevalue)

									 {

									  ds.tables[0].columns.add(columename, typeof(float));

									  foreach (system.data.datarow row in ds.tables[0].rows)

									  {

									  row["rotation"] = -columevalue;

									  }

									 }

									 /// <summary>

									 /// 轨迹用点表示

									 /// </summary>

									 /// <param name="ds"></param>

									 /// <param name="c"></param>

									 /// <returns></returns>

									 private static vectorlayer getlayerfromdataset(dataset ds, color c)

									 {

									  var xlsprovider = new datatablepoint(ds.tables[0], "oid", "x", "y");

									  var xlslayer = new vectorlayer("xls", xlsprovider)

									  { style = new vectorstyle() { pointcolor = new solidbrush(c) } };

									  return xlslayer;

									 }

									 /// <summary>

									 /// 获取带图标的图层

									 /// </summary>

									 /// <param name="ds"></param>

									 /// <param name="c"></param>

									 /// <returns></returns>

									 private static vectorlayer getlayerfromdataset2(dataset ds, color c)

									 {

									  var xlsprovider = new datatablepoint(ds.tables[0], "oid", "x", "y");

									  var xlslayer = new vectorlayer("xls", xlsprovider)

									  { style = { symbol=properties.resources.redflag} };

									  return xlslayer;

									 }

									 private static labellayer getlabellayerbyvectorlayer(vectorlayer xlslayer, string layername)

									 {

									  var xlslabellayer = new labellayer(layername)

									  {

									  datasource = xlslayer.datasource,

									  labelcolumn = "name",

									  //prioritycolumn = "population",

									  style =

									   {

									   collisionbuffer = new system.drawing.sizef(2f, 2f),

									   collisiondetection = true

									   },

									  labelfilter = labelcollisiondetection.thoroughcollisiondetection

									  };

									  return xlslabellayer;

									 }

									 }

									 public enum maptype {

									 shapefile = 0,

									 mapinfo = 1,

									 runline = 2,//运行轨迹

									 static = 3 //定点数据

									 }

									}