C#简单数字图像处理程序

c#编写的简单数字图像处理程序，数字图像处理的平时成绩和编程作业竟然占50%，那就把最近做的事写个札记吧。
先放个最终做成提交的效果看看：
C#简单数字图像处理程序
1.直方图均衡化
C#简单数字图像处理程序
2.算子锐化
C#简单数字图像处理程序
3.空域增强
C#简单数字图像处理程序
一、要达到的目的和效果
1.打开，保存图片；
2.获取图像灰度值，图像坐标；
3.进行线性变换，直方图均衡化处理；
4.直方图变换增强，以及各种滤波处理；
5.图像锐化（kirsch,laplace,sobel等算子）。
二、编程环境及语言
c#-windowsform-vs2015
三、图标
最近发现了一个完全免费的矢量图标网站阿里妈妈iconfont，超级好用。
C#简单数字图像处理程序
当然也可以自己动手画一个
四、创建窗体
1.先建一个c#windows窗体应用程序，设置好保存路径和项目名称；
2.打开工具箱，找到menuscript，加到窗体中，依次填写菜单以及子菜单的名称，菜单里将完成主要的图像处理操作；
3.因为要显示处理前后的图片，所以再添加两个picturebox控件，可以设置停靠模式为stretchimage；再加两个groupbox，每个groupbox里添加label和textbox控件，用来显示图像灰度值及坐标，这样窗体基本搭建完成，还是挺简单的。
五、主要代码
				?

									using system;

									using system.collections.generic;

									using system.componentmodel;

									using system.data;

									using system.drawing;

									using system.drawing.imaging;

									using system.linq;

									using system.text;

									using system.windows.forms;

									namespace text1

									{

									 public partial class imageenhancement : form

									 {

									 public imageenhancement()

									 {

									  initializecomponent();

									 }

									 bitmap bitmap;

									 int iw, ih; 

									 //打开文件

									 private void 打开toolstripmenuitem_click(object sender, eventargs e)

									 {

									  picturebox1.image = null;//先设置两个picturebox为空

									  picturebox2.image = null;

									  //使用 openfiledialog类打开图片

									  openfiledialog open = new openfiledialog();

									  open.filter = "图像文件(*.bmp;*.jpg;*gif;*png;*.tif;*.wmf)|"

									   + "*.bmp;*jpg;*gif;*png;*.tif;*.wmf";

									  if (open.showdialog() == dialogresult.ok)

									  {

									  try

									  {

									   bitmap = (bitmap)image.fromfile(open.filename);

									  }

									  catch (exception exp) { messagebox.show(exp.message); }

									  picturebox1.refresh();

									  picturebox1.image = bitmap; 

									  label6.text = "原图";

									  iw = bitmap.width;

									  ih = bitmap.height;

									  }

									 }

									 //保存文件

									 private void 保存toolstripmenuitem_click(object sender, eventargs e)

									 {

									  string str;

									  savefiledialog savefiledialog1 = new savefiledialog();

									  savefiledialog1.filter = "图像文件(*.bmp)|*.bmp|all file(*.*)|*.*";

									  savefiledialog1.showdialog();

									  str = savefiledialog1.filename;

									  picturebox2.image.save(str);

									 }

									 //退出

									 private void 退出toolstripmenuitem_click(object sender, eventargs e)

									 {

									  this.close();

									 }

									 private void label5_click(object sender, eventargs e)

									 {

									 }

									 //读取灰度值及坐标

									 private void picturebox1_mousedown(object sender, mouseeventargs e)

									 {

									  color pointrgb = bitmap.getpixel(e.x, e.y);

									  textbox1.text = pointrgb.r.tostring();

									  textbox2.text = pointrgb.g.tostring();

									  textbox3.text = pointrgb.b.tostring();

									  textbox4.text = e.x.tostring();

									  textbox5.text = e.y.tostring();

									  int a = int.parse(textbox1.text);

									 }

									 //线性变换部分

									 private void linearpo_click(object sender, eventargs e)

									 {

									  if (bitmap != null)

									  {

									  linearpoform linearform = new linearpoform();

									  if (linearform.showdialog() == dialogresult.ok)

									  {

									   rectangle rect = new rectangle(0, 0, bitmap.width, bitmap.height);

									   system.drawing.imaging.bitmapdata bmpdata = bitmap.lockbits(rect,

									   system.drawing.imaging.imagelockmode.readwrite,

									   bitmap.pixelformat);

									   intptr ptr = bmpdata.scan0;

									   //int bytes = bitmap.width *;

									  }

									  }

									 }

									 private void textbox4_textchanged(object sender, eventargs e)

									 {

									 }

									 private void label3_click(object sender, eventargs e)

									 {

									 }

									 //对比度扩展

									 private void 对比度扩展toolstripmenuitem_click(object sender, eventargs e)

									 {

									  if (bitmap != null)

									  {

									  strechdialog dialog = new strechdialog();

									  if (dialog.showdialog() == dialogresult.ok)

									  {

									   this.text = " 图像增强 对比度扩展 ";

									   bitmap bm = new bitmap(picturebox1.image);

									   int x1 = convert.toint32(dialog.getx01);

									   int y1 = convert.toint32(dialog.gety01);

									   int x2 = convert.toint32(dialog.getx02);

									   int y2 = convert.toint32(dialog.gety02);

									   //计算灰度映射表

									   int[] pixmap = pixelsmap(x1, y1, x2, y2);

									   //线性拉伸

									   bm = stretch(bm, pixmap, iw, ih);

									   picturebox2.refresh();

									   picturebox2.image = bm;

									   label7.text = "对比度扩展结果";

									  }

									  }

									 }

									 //计算灰度映射表

									 public int[] pixelsmap(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)

									 {

									  int[] pmap = new int[256];  //映射表

									  if (x1 > 0)

									  {

									  double k1 = y1 / x1;  //第1段斜率k1

									  //按第1段斜率k1线性变换

									  for (int i = 0; i <= x1; i++)

									   pmap[i] = (int)(k1 * i);

									  }

									  double k2 = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1); //第2段斜率k2

									  //按第2段斜率k2线性变换

									  for (int i = x1 + 1; i <= x2; i++)

									  if (x2 != x1)

									   pmap[i] = y1 + (int)(k2 * (i - x1));

									  else

									   pmap[i] = y1;

									  if (x2 < 255)

									  {

									  double k3 = (255 - y2) / (255 - x2);//第2段斜率k2

									  //按第3段斜率k3线性变换

									  for (int i = x2 + 1; i < 256; i++)

									   pmap[i] = y2 + (int)(k3 * (i - x2));

									  }

									  return pmap;

									 }

									 //对比度扩展函数

									 public bitmap stretch(bitmap bm, int[] map, int iw, int ih)

									 {

									  color c = new color();

									  int r, g, b;

									  for (int j = 0; j < ih; j++)

									  {

									  for (int i = 0; i < iw; i++)

									  {

									   c = bm.getpixel(i, j);

									   r = map[c.r];

									   g = map[c.g];

									   b = map[c.b];

									   if (r >= 255) r = 255;

									   if (r < 0) r = 0;

									   if (g >= 255) g = 255;

									   if (g < 0) g = 0;

									   if (b >= 255) b = 255;

									   if (b < 0) b = 0;

									   bm.setpixel(i, j, color.fromargb(r, g, b));

									  }

									  }

									  return bm;

									 }

									 private void 直方图均衡化toolstripmenuitem_click(object sender, eventargs e)

									 {

									  if (bitmap != null)

									  {

									  this.text = " 图像增强 直方图均衡化";

									  bitmap bm = new bitmap(picturebox1.image);

									  //获取直方图

									  int[] hist = gethist(bm, iw, ih);

									  //直方图均匀化

									  bm = histequal(bm, hist, iw, ih);

									  picturebox2.refresh();

									  picturebox2.image = bm;

									  label7.text = "直方图均衡化结果";

									  flag = true;

									  }

									 }

									 bool flag = false;   //直方图均衡化标志

									 //显示直方图

									 private void 显示直方图toolstripmenuitem_click(object sender, eventargs e)

									 {

									  if (flag)

									  {

									  bitmap b1 = new bitmap(picturebox1.image);

									  bitmap b2 = new bitmap(picturebox2.image);

									  int[] hist1 = gethist(b1, iw, ih);

									  int[] hist2 = gethist(b2, iw, ih);

									  drawhist(hist1, hist2);

									  }

									 }

									 //获取直方图

									 public int[] gethist(bitmap bm, int iw, int ih)

									 {

									  int[] h = new int[256];

									  for (int j = 0; j < ih; j++)

									  {

									  for (int i = 0; i < iw; i++)

									  {

									   int grey = (bm.getpixel(i, j)).r;

									   h[grey]++;

									  }

									  }

									  return h;

									 }

									 //直方图均衡化

									 public bitmap histequal(bitmap bm, int[] hist, int iw, int ih)

									 {

									  color c = new color();

									  double p = (double)255 / (iw * ih);

									  double[] sum = new double[256];

									  int[] outg = new int[256];

									  int r, g, b;

									  sum[0] = hist[0];

									  for (int i = 1; i < 256; i++)

									  sum[i] = sum[i - 1] + hist[i];

									  //灰度变换:i-->outg[i] 

									  for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)

									  outg[i] = (int)(p * sum[i]);

									  for (int j = 0; j < ih; j++)

									  {

									  for (int i = 0; i < iw; i++)

									  {

									   r = (bm.getpixel(i, j)).r;

									   g = (bm.getpixel(i, j)).g;

									   b = (bm.getpixel(i, j)).b;

									   c = color.fromargb(outg[r], outg[g], outg[b]);

									   bm.setpixel(i, j, c);

									  }

									  }

									  return bm;

									 }

									 public void drawhist(int[] h1, int[] h2)

									 {

									  //画原图直方图------------------------------------------

									  graphics g = picturebox1.creategraphics();

									  pen pen1 = new pen(color.blue);

									  g.clear(this.backcolor);

									  //找出最大的数,进行标准化.

									  int maxn = h1[0];

									  for (int i = 1; i < 256; i++)

									  if (maxn < h1[i])

									   maxn = h1[i];

									  for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)

									  h1[i] = h1[i] * 250 / maxn;

									  g.fillrectangle(new solidbrush(color.white), 0, 0, 255, 255);

									  pen1.color = color.red;

									  for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)

									  g.drawline(pen1, i, 255, i, 255 - h1[i]);

									  g.drawstring("" + maxn, this.font, new solidbrush(color.blue), 0, 0);

									  label6.text = "原图直方图";

									  //画均衡化后直方图------------------------------------------

									  g = picturebox2.creategraphics();

									  pen1 = new pen(color.blue);

									  g.clear(this.backcolor);

									  //找出最大的数,进行标准化.

									  maxn = h2[0];

									  for (int i = 1; i < 256; i++)

									  if (maxn < h2[i])

									   maxn = h2[i];

									  for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)

									  h2[i] = h2[i] * 250 / maxn;

									  g.fillrectangle(new solidbrush(color.white), 0, 0, 255, 255);

									  pen1.color = color.red;

									  for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)

									  g.drawline(pen1, i, 255, i, 255 - h2[i]);

									  g.drawstring("" + maxn, this.font, new solidbrush(color.blue), 0, 0);

									  label7.text = "均衡化后直方图";

									  flag = false;

									 }

									 private void 阈值滤波toolstripmenuitem_click(object sender, eventargs e)

									 {

									  if (bitmap != null)

									  {

									  this.text = "图像增强 阈值滤波";

									  bitmap bm = new bitmap(picturebox1.image);

									  //阈值滤波

									  bm = threshold(bm, iw, ih);

									  picturebox2.refresh();

									  picturebox2.image = bm;

									  label7.text = "阈值滤波结果";

									  }

									 }

									 //3×3阈值滤波

									 public bitmap threshold(bitmap bm, int iw, int ih)

									 {

									  bitmap obm = new bitmap(picturebox1.image);

									  int avr,  //灰度平均 

									  sum,  //灰度和

									  num = 0, //计数器

									  nt = 4, //计数器阈值

									  t = 50; //阈值

									  int pij, pkl, //(i,j),(i+k,j+l)处灰度值

									  err;  //误差

									  for (int j = 1; j < ih - 1; j++)

									  {

									  for (int i = 1; i < iw - 1; i++)

									  {

									   //取3×3块的9个象素, 求和

									   sum = 0;

									   for (int k = -1; k < 2; k++)

									   {

									   for (int l = -1; l < 2; l++)

									   {

									    if ((k != 0) || (l != 0))

									    {

									    pkl = (bm.getpixel(i + k, j + l)).r;

									    pij = (bm.getpixel(i, j)).r;

									    err = math.abs(pkl - pij);

									    sum = sum + pkl;

									    if (err > t) num++;

									    }

									   }

									   }

									   avr = (int)(sum / 8.0f);  //平均值

									   if (num > nt)

									   obm.setpixel(i, j, color.fromargb(avr, avr, avr));

									  }

									  }

									  return obm;

									 }

									 private void 均值滤波toolstripmenuitem_click(object sender, eventargs e)

									 {

									  if (bitmap != null)

									  {

									  this.text = "数字图像处理";

									  bitmap bm = new bitmap(picturebox1.image);

									  bm = average(bm, iw, ih);

									  picturebox2.refresh();

									  picturebox2.image = bm;

									  label7.text = "均值滤波结果";

									  }

									 }

									 //均值滤波

									 public bitmap average(bitmap bm, int iw, int ih)

									 {

									  bitmap obm = new bitmap(picturebox1.image);

									  for (int j = 1; j < ih - 1; j++)

									  {

									  for (int i = 1; i < iw - 1; i++)

									  {

									   int avr;

									   int avr1;

									   int avr2;

									   int sum = 0;

									   int sum1 = 0;

									   int sum2 = 0;

									   for (int k = -1; k <= 1; k++)

									   {

									   for (int l = -1; l <= 1; l++)

									   {

									    sum = sum + (bm.getpixel(i + k, j + 1).r);

									    sum1 = sum1 + (bm.getpixel(i + k, j + 1).g);

									    sum2 = sum2 + (bm.getpixel(i + k, j + 1).b);

									   }

									   }

									   avr = (int)(sum / 9.0f);

									   avr1 = (int)(sum1 / 9.0f);

									   avr2 = (int)(sum2 / 9.0f);

									   obm.setpixel(i, j, color.fromargb(avr, avr1, avr2));

									  }

									  }

									  return obm;

									 }

									 private void 中值滤波toolstripmenuitem_click(object sender, eventargs e)

									 {

									  if (bitmap != null)

									  {

									   this.text = "图像增强 中值滤波";

									   bitmap bm = new bitmap(picturebox1.image);

									   int num =3;

									   //中值滤波

									   bm = median(bm, iw, ih, num);

									   picturebox2.refresh();

									   picturebox2.image = bm;

									   label2.location = new point(370, 280);

									   if (num == 1) label7.text = "1x5窗口滤波结果";

									   else if (num == 2) label7.text = "5x1窗口滤波结果";

									   else if (num == 3) label7.text = "5x5窗口滤波结果";

									  }

									 }

									 //中值滤波方法

									 public bitmap median(bitmap bm, int iw, int ih, int n)

									 {

									  bitmap obm = new bitmap(picturebox1.image);

									  for (int j = 2; j < ih - 2; j++)

									  {

									  int[] dt;

									  int[] dt1;

									  int[] dt2;

									  for (int i = 2; i < iw - 2; i++)

									  {

									   int m = 0, r = 0, r1 = 0, r2 = 0, a = 0, b = 0;

									   if (n == 3)

									   {

									   dt = new int[25];

									   dt1 = new int[25];

									   dt2 = new int[25];

									   //取5×5块的25个象素

									   for (int k = -2; k < 3; k++)

									   {

									    for (int l = -2; l < 3; l++)

									    {

									    //取(i+k,j+l)处的象素，赋于数组dt

									    dt[m] = (bm.getpixel(i + k, j + l)).r;

									    dt1[a] = (bm.getpixel(i + k, j + l)).g;

									    dt2[b] = (bm.getpixel(i + k, j + l)).b;

									    m++;

									    a++;

									    b++;

									    }

									   }

									   //冒泡排序,输出中值

									   r = median_sorter(dt, 25); //中值 

									   r1 = median_sorter(dt1, 25);

									   r2 = median_sorter(dt2, 25);

									   }

									   else if (n == 1)

									   {

									   dt = new int[5];

									   //取1×5窗口5个像素

									   dt[0] = (bm.getpixel(i, j - 2)).r;

									   dt[1] = (bm.getpixel(i, j - 1)).r;

									   dt[2] = (bm.getpixel(i, j)).r;

									   dt[3] = (bm.getpixel(i, j + 1)).r;

									   dt[4] = (bm.getpixel(i, j + 2)).r;

									   r = median_sorter(dt, 5); //中值

									   dt1 = new int[5];

									   //取1×5窗口5个像素

									   dt1[0] = (bm.getpixel(i, j - 2)).g;

									   dt1[1] = (bm.getpixel(i, j - 1)).g;

									   dt1[2] = (bm.getpixel(i, j)).g;

									   dt1[3] = (bm.getpixel(i, j + 1)).g;

									   dt1[4] = (bm.getpixel(i, j + 2)).g;

									   r1 = median_sorter(dt1, 5); //中值 

									   dt2 = new int[5];

									   //取1×5窗口5个像素

									   dt2[0] = (bm.getpixel(i, j - 2)).b;

									   dt2[1] = (bm.getpixel(i, j - 1)).b;

									   dt2[2] = (bm.getpixel(i, j)).b;

									   dt2[3] = (bm.getpixel(i, j + 1)).b;

									   dt2[4] = (bm.getpixel(i, j + 2)).b;

									   r2 = median_sorter(dt2, 5); //中值    

									   }

									   else if (n == 2)

									   {

									   dt = new int[5];

									   //取5×1窗口5个像素

									   dt[0] = (bm.getpixel(i - 2, j)).r;

									   dt[1] = (bm.getpixel(i - 1, j)).r;

									   dt[2] = (bm.getpixel(i, j)).r;

									   dt[3] = (bm.getpixel(i + 1, j)).r;

									   dt[4] = (bm.getpixel(i + 2, j)).r;

									   r = median_sorter(dt, 5); //中值 dt = new int[5];

									   //取5×1窗口5个像素

									   dt1 = new int[5];

									   dt1[0] = (bm.getpixel(i - 2, j)).g;

									   dt1[1] = (bm.getpixel(i - 1, j)).g;

									   dt1[2] = (bm.getpixel(i, j)).g;

									   dt1[3] = (bm.getpixel(i + 1, j)).g;

									   dt1[4] = (bm.getpixel(i + 2, j)).g;

									   r1 = median_sorter(dt1, 5); //中值 

									   //取5×1窗口5个像素

									   dt2 = new int[5];

									   dt2[0] = (bm.getpixel(i - 2, j)).b;

									   dt2[1] = (bm.getpixel(i - 1, j)).b;

									   dt2[2] = (bm.getpixel(i, j)).b;

									   dt2[3] = (bm.getpixel(i + 1, j)).b;

									   dt2[4] = (bm.getpixel(i + 2, j)).b;

									   r2 = median_sorter(dt2, 5); //中值 

									   }

									   obm.setpixel(i, j, color.fromargb(r, r1, r2));  //输出   

									  }

									  }

									  return obm;

									 }

									 //冒泡排序,输出中值

									 public int median_sorter(int[] dt, int m)

									 {

									  int tem;

									  for (int k = m - 1; k >= 1; k--)

									  for (int l = 1; l <= k; l++)

									   if (dt[l - 1] > dt[l])

									   {

									   tem = dt[l];

									   dt[l] = dt[l - 1];

									   dt[l - 1] = tem;

									   }

									  return dt[(int)(m / 2)];

									 }

									 private void picturebox1_click(object sender, eventargs e)

									 {

									 }

									 private void 图像锐化toolstripmenuitem_click(object sender, eventargs e)

									 {

									  }

									 /* 

									  * pix --待检测图像数组

									  * iw, ih --待检测图像宽高

									  * num --算子代号.1:kirsch算子;2:laplace算子;3:prewitt算子;5:sobel算子

									 */

									 public bitmap detect(bitmap bm, int iw, int ih, int num)

									  {

									  bitmap b1 = new bitmap(picturebox1.image);

									  color c = new color();

									  int i, j, r;

									  int[,] inr = new int[iw, ih]; //红色分量矩阵

									  int[,] ing = new int[iw, ih]; //绿色分量矩阵

									  int[,] inb = new int[iw, ih]; //蓝色分量矩阵

									  int[,] gray = new int[iw, ih];//灰度图像矩阵 

									  //转变为灰度图像矩阵

									  for (j = 0; j < ih; j++)

									  {

									  for (i = 0; i < iw; i++)

									  {

									   c = bm.getpixel(i, j);

									   inr[i, j] = c.r;

									   ing[i, j] = c.g;

									   inb[i, j] = c.b;

									   gray[i, j] = (int)((c.r + c.g + c.b) / 3.0);

									  }

									  }

									  if (num == 1)//kirsch

									  {

									  int[,] kir0 = {{ 5, 5, 5},

									    {-3, 0,-3},

									    {-3,-3,-3}},//kir0

									   kir1 = {{-3, 5, 5},

									    {-3, 0, 5},

									    {-3,-3,-3}},//kir1

									   kir2 = {{-3,-3, 5},

									    {-3, 0, 5},

									    {-3,-3, 5}},//kir2

									   kir3 = {{-3,-3,-3},

									    {-3, 0, 5},

									    {-3, 5, 5}},//kir3

									   kir4 = {{-3,-3,-3},

									    {-3, 0,-3},

									    { 5, 5, 5}},//kir4

									   kir5 = {{-3,-3,-3},

									    { 5, 0,-3},

									    { 5, 5,-3}},//kir5

									   kir6 = {{ 5,-3,-3},

									    { 5, 0,-3},

									    { 5,-3,-3}},//kir6

									   kir7 = {{ 5, 5,-3},

									    { 5, 0,-3},

									    {-3,-3,-3}};//kir7 

									  //边缘检测

									  int[,] edge0 = new int[iw, ih];

									  int[,] edge1 = new int[iw, ih];

									  int[,] edge2 = new int[iw, ih];

									  int[,] edge3 = new int[iw, ih];

									  int[,] edge4 = new int[iw, ih];

									  int[,] edge5 = new int[iw, ih];

									  int[,] edge6 = new int[iw, ih];

									  int[,] edge7 = new int[iw, ih];

									  edge0 = edgeenhance(gray, kir0, iw, ih);

									  edge1 = edgeenhance(gray, kir1, iw, ih);

									  edge2 = edgeenhance(gray, kir2, iw, ih);

									  edge3 = edgeenhance(gray, kir3, iw, ih);

									  edge4 = edgeenhance(gray, kir4, iw, ih);

									  edge5 = edgeenhance(gray, kir5, iw, ih);

									  edge6 = edgeenhance(gray, kir6, iw, ih);

									  edge7 = edgeenhance(gray, kir7, iw, ih);

									  int[] tem = new int[8];

									  int max;

									  for (j = 0; j < ih; j++)

									  {

									   for (i = 0; i < iw; i++)

									   {

									   tem[0] = edge0[i, j];

									   tem[1] = edge1[i, j];

									   tem[2] = edge2[i, j];

									   tem[3] = edge3[i, j];

									   tem[4] = edge4[i, j];

									   tem[5] = edge5[i, j];

									   tem[6] = edge6[i, j];

									   tem[7] = edge7[i, j];

									   max = 0;

									   for (int k = 0; k < 8; k++)

									    if (tem[k] > max) max = tem[k];

									   if (max > 255) max = 255;

									   r = 255 - max;

									   b1.setpixel(i, j, color.fromargb(r, r, r));

									   }

									  }

									  }

									  else if (num == 2)   //laplace

									  {

									  int[,] lap1 = {{ 1, 1, 1},

									    { 1,-8, 1},

									    { 1, 1, 1}};

									  /*byte[][] lap2 = {{ 0, 1, 0},

									     { 1,-4, 1},

									     { 0, 1, 0}}; */

									  //边缘增强

									  int[,] edge = edgeenhance(gray, lap1, iw, ih);

									  for (j = 0; j < ih; j++)

									  {

									   for (i = 0; i < iw; i++)

									   {

									   r = edge[i, j];

									   if (r > 255) r = 255;

									   if (r < 0) r = 0;

									   c = color.fromargb(r, r, r);

									   b1.setpixel(i, j, c);

									   }

									  }

									  }

									  else if (num == 3)//prewitt

									  {

									  //prewitt算子d_x模板

									  int[,] pre1 = {{ 1, 0,-1},

									    { 1, 0,-1},

									    { 1, 0,-1}};

									  //prewitt算子d_y模板

									  int[,] pre2 = {{ 1, 1, 1},

									    { 0, 0, 0},

									    {-1,-1,-1}};

									  int[,] edge1 = edgeenhance(gray, pre1, iw, ih);

									  int[,] edge2 = edgeenhance(gray, pre2, iw, ih);

									  for (j = 0; j < ih; j++)

									  {

									   for (i = 0; i < iw; i++)

									   {

									   r = math.max(edge1[i, j], edge2[i, j]);

									   if(r > 255) r = 255;

									   c = color.fromargb(r, r, r);

									   b1.setpixel(i, j, c);

									   }

									  }

									  }

									  else if (num == 5)    //sobel

									  {

									  int[,] sob1 = {{ 1, 0,-1},

									    { 2, 0,-2},

									    { 1, 0,-1}};

									  int[,] sob2 = {{ 1, 2, 1},

									    { 0, 0, 0},

									    {-1,-2,-1}},

									  int[,] edge1 = edgeenhance(gray, sob1, iw, ih);

									  int[,] edge2 = edgeenhance(gray, sob2, iw, ih);

									  for (j = 0; j < ih; j++)

									  {

									   for (i = 0; i < iw; i++)

									   {

									   r = math.max(edge1[i, j], edge2[i, j]);

									   if(r > 255) r = 255;

									   c = color.fromargb(r, r, r);

									   b1.setpixel(i, j, c);

									   }

									  }

									  }

									  return b1;

									 }

									 private void kirsch算子锐化toolstripmenuitem_click(object sender, eventargs e)

									 {

									  if (bitmap != null)

									  {

									  // this.text = " 图像 - 图像锐化 - kirsch算子";

									  bitmap bm = new bitmap(picturebox1.image);

									  //1: kirsch锐化

									  bm = detect(bm, iw, ih, 1)

									  picturebox2.refresh();

									  picturebox2.image = bm;

									  label7.text = " kirsch算子 锐化结果";

									  }

									 }

									 public int[,] edgeenhance(int[,] ing, int[,] tmp, int iw, int ih)

									 {

									  int[,] ed = new int[iw, ih];

									  for (int j = 1; j < ih - 1; j++)

									  {

									  for (int i = 1; i < iw - 1; i++)

									  {

									   ed[i, j] = math.abs(tmp[0, 0] * ing[i - 1, j - 1]

									    + tmp[0, 1] * ing[i - 1, j] + tmp[0, 2] * ing[i - 1, j + 1]

									    + tmp[1, 0] * ing[i, j - 1] + tmp[1, 1] * ing[i, j]

									    + tmp[1, 2] * ing[i, j + 1] + tmp[2, 0] * ing[i + 1, j - 1]

									    + tmp[2, 1] * ing[i + 1, j] + tmp[2, 2] * ing[i + 1, j + 1]);

									  }

									  }

									  return ed;

									 }

									 //laplace算子

									 private void laplace算子锐化toolstripmenuitem_click(object sender, eventargs e)

									 {

									  if (bitmap != null)

									  { 

									  bitmap bm = new bitmap(picturebox1.image);

									  //2: laplace锐化 

									  bm = detect(bm, iw, ih, 2);

									  picturebox2.refresh();

									  picturebox2.image = bm;

									  label7.text = "laplace算子 锐化结果";

									  }

									 }

									 //prewitt算子

									 private void prewitt算子锐化toolstripmenuitem_click(object sender, eventargs e)

									 {

									  if (bitmap != null)

									  {

									  bitmap bm = new bitmap(picturebox1.image);

									  //3:prewitt锐化

									  bm = detect(bm, iw, ih, 3);

									  picturebox2.refresh();

									  picturebox2.image = bm;

									  label2.location = new point(390, 280);

									  label7.text = " prewitt算子 锐化结果";

									  }

									 }

									 //roberts算子

									 private void roberts算子锐化toolstripmenuitem_click(object sender, eventargs e)

									 {

									  if (bitmap != null)

									  {

									  bitmap bm = new bitmap(picturebox1.image);

									  //robert边缘检测 

									  bm = robert(bm, iw, ih);

									  picturebox2.refresh();

									  picturebox2.image = bm;

									  label2.location = new point(390, 280);

									  label7.text = "roberts算子 锐化结果";

									  }

									 }

									 //roberts算法

									 public bitmap robert(bitmap bm, int iw, int ih)

									 {

									  int r, r0, r1, r2, r3, g, g0, g1, g2, g3, b, b0, b1, b2, b3;

									  bitmap obm = new bitmap(picturebox1.image);

									  int[,] inr = new int[iw, ih];//红色分量矩阵

									  int[,] ing = new int[iw, ih];//绿色分量矩阵

									  int[,] inb = new int[iw, ih];//蓝色分量矩阵

									  int[,] gray = new int[iw, ih];//灰度图像矩阵  

									  for (int j = 1; j < ih - 1; j++)

									  {

									  for (int i = 1; i < iw - 1; i++)

									  {

									   r0 = (bm.getpixel(i, j)).r;

									   r1 = (bm.getpixel(i, j + 1)).r;

									   r2 = (bm.getpixel(i + 1, j)).r;

									   r3 = (bm.getpixel(i + 1, j + 1)).r;

									   r = (int)math.sqrt((r0 - r3) * (r0 - r3) + (r1 - r2) * (r1 - r2));

									   g0 = (bm.getpixel(i, j)).g;

									   g1 = (bm.getpixel(i, j + 1)).g;

									   g2 = (bm.getpixel(i + 1, j)).g;

									   g3 = (bm.getpixel(i + 1, j + 1)).g;

									   g = (int)math.sqrt((g0 - g3) * (g0 - g3) + (g1 - g2) * (g1 - g2));

									   b0 = (bm.getpixel(i, j)).b;

									   b1 = (bm.getpixel(i, j + 1)).b;

									   b2 = (bm.getpixel(i + 1, j)).b;

									   b3 = (bm.getpixel(i + 1, j + 1)).b;

									   b = (int)math.sqrt((b0 - b3) * (b0 - b3)

									   + (b1 - b2) * (b1 - b2));

									   if (r < 0)

									   r = 0;     //黑色，边缘点

									   if (r > 255)

									   r = 255;

									   obm.setpixel(i, j, color.fromargb(r, r, r));

									  }

									  }

									  return obm;

									 }

									 //sobel算子

									 private void sobel算子锐化toolstripmenuitem_click(object sender, eventargs e)

									 {

									  if (bitmap != null)

									  {

									  bitmap bm = new bitmap(picturebox1.image);

									  //5: sobel锐化

									  bm = detect(bm, 256, 256, 5);

									  picturebox2.refresh();

									  picturebox2.image = bm;

									  label7.text = " sobel算子 锐化结果";

									  }

									 }

									 private void 低通滤波toolstripmenuitem_click(object sender, eventargs e)

									 {

									  if (bitmap != null)

									  {

									  bitmap bm = new bitmap(picturebox1.image);

									  int num ;

									  for (num = 1; num < 4; num++)

									  {

									   //低通滤波

									   bm = lowpass(bm, iw, ih, num);

									   picturebox2.refresh();

									   picturebox2.image = bm;

									   if (num == 1) label7.text = "1*5模板低通滤波结果";

									   else if (num == 2) label7.text = "5*1模板低通滤波结果";

									   else if (num == 3) label7.text = "5*5模板低通滤波结果";

									  }

									  }

									 }

									 //3×3低通滤波方法

									 public bitmap lowpass(bitmap bm, int iw, int ih, int n)

									 {

									  bitmap obm = new bitmap(picturebox1.image);

									  int[,] h;

									  //定义扩展输入图像矩阵

									  int[,] ex_inpix = exinpix(bm, iw, ih);

									  //低通滤波

									  for (int j = 1; j < ih + 1; j++)

									  {

									  for (int i = 1; i < iw + 1; i++)

									  {

									   int r = 0, sum = 0;

									   //低通模板 

									   h = low_matrix(n);

									   //求3×3窗口9个像素加权和

									   for (int k = -1; k < 2; k++)

									   for (int l = -1; l < 2; l++)

									    sum = sum + h[k + 1, l + 1] * ex_inpix[i + k, j + l];

									   if (n == 1)

									   r = (int)(sum / 9); //h1平均值

									   else if (n == 2)

									   r = (int)(sum / 10); //h2

									   else if (n == 3)

									   r = (int)(sum / 16); //h3 

									   obm.setpixel(i - 1, j - 1, color.fromargb(r, r, r)); //输出   

									  }

									  }

									  return obm;

									 }

									 //定义扩展输入图像矩阵

									 public int[,] exinpix(bitmap bm, int iw, int ih)

									 {

									  int[,] ex_inpix = new int[iw + 2, ih + 2];

									  //获取非边界灰度值

									  for (int j = 0; j < ih; j++)

									  for (int i = 0; i < iw; i++)

									   ex_inpix[i + 1, j + 1] = (bm.getpixel(i, j)).r;

									  //四角点处理

									  ex_inpix[0, 0] = ex_inpix[1, 1];

									  ex_inpix[0, ih + 1] = ex_inpix[1, ih];

									  ex_inpix[iw + 1, 0] = ex_inpix[iw, 1];

									  ex_inpix[iw + 1, ih + 1] = ex_inpix[iw, ih];

									  //上下边界处理

									  for (int j = 1; j < ih + 1; j++)

									  {

									  ex_inpix[0, j] = ex_inpix[1, j]; //上边界 

									  ex_inpix[iw + 1, j] = ex_inpix[iw, j];//下边界

									  }

									//左右边界处理

									  for (int i = 1; i < iw + 1; i++)

									  {

									  ex_inpix[i, 0] = ex_inpix[i, 1]; //左边界 

									  ex_inpix[i, ih + 1] = ex_inpix[i, ih];//右边界

									  }

									  return ex_inpix;

									 }

									 //低通滤波模板

									 public int[,] low_matrix(int n)

									 {

									  int[,] h = new int[3, 3];

									  if (n == 1) //h1

									  {

									  h[0, 0] = 1; h[0, 1] = 1; h[0, 2] = 1;

									  h[1, 0] = 1; h[1, 1] = 1; h[1, 2] = 1;

									  h[2, 0] = 1; h[2, 1] = 1; h[2, 2] = 1;

									  }

									  else if (n == 2)//h2

									  {

									  h[0, 0] = 1; h[0, 1] = 1; h[0, 2] = 1;

									  h[1, 0] = 1; h[1, 1] = 2; h[1, 2] = 1;

									  h[2, 0] = 1; h[2, 1] = 1; h[2, 2] = 1;

									  }

									  else if (n == 3)//h3

									  {

									  h[0, 0] = 1; h[0, 1] = 2; h[0, 2] = 1;

									  h[1, 0] = 2; h[1, 1] = 4; h[1, 2] = 2;

									  h[2, 0] = 1; h[2, 1] = 2; h[2, 2] = 1;

									  }

									  return h;

									 }

									 }

									}