Spring MVC 框架搭建配置方法及详解

<!-- Spring MVC配置 -->
<!-- ====================================== -->
<servlet> 
  <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> 
  <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> 
  <!-- 可以自定义servlet.xml配置文件的位置和名称，默认为WEB-INF目录下，名称为[<servlet-name>]-servlet.xml，如spring-servlet.xml 
  <init-param> 
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 
    <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml</param-value> 默认 
  </init-param> 
  -->
  <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> 
</servlet> 
 
<servlet-mapping> 
  <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> 
  <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> 
</servlet-mapping> 
  
 
 
<!-- Spring配置 -->
<!-- ====================================== -->
<listener> 
  <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> 
</listener> 
  
 
<!-- 指定Spring Bean的配置文件所在目录。默认配置在WEB-INF目录下 -->
<context-param> 
  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 
  <param-value>classpath:config/applicationContext.xml</param-value> 
</context-param>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"   
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"   
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"   
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context <A href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd</A>"> 
 
  <!-- 启用spring mvc 注解 -->
  <context:annotation-config /> 
 
  <!-- 设置使用注解的类所在的jar包 -->
  <context:component-scan base-package="controller"></context:component-scan> 
 
  <!-- 完成请求和注解POJO的映射 -->
  <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" /> 
 
  <!-- 对转向页面的路径解析。prefix：前缀， suffix：后缀 -->
  <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" p:prefix="/jsp/" p:suffix=".jsp" /> 
</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation=" 
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd 
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> 
 
  <!-- 采用hibernate.cfg.xml方式配置数据源 -->
  <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
    <property name="configLocation"> 
      <value>classpath:config/hibernate.cfg.xml</value> 
    </property> 
  </bean> 
   
  <!-- 将事务与Hibernate关联 -->
  <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
    <property name="sessionFactory"> 
      <ref local="sessionFactory"/> 
    </property> 
  </bean> 
   
  <!-- 事务（注解 ）-->
  <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" proxy-target-class="true"/> 
 
  <!-- 测试Service -->
  <bean id="loginService" class="service.LoginService"></bean> 
 
  <!-- 测试Dao -->
  <bean id="hibernateDao" class="dao.HibernateDao"> 
    <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property> 
  </bean> 
</beans>

package controller; 
 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 
 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; 
 
import entity.User; 
 
@Controller //类似Struts的Action 
public class TestController { 
 
  @RequestMapping("test/login.do") // 请求url地址映射，类似Struts的action-mapping 
  public String testLogin(@RequestParam(value="username")String username, String password, HttpServletRequest request) { 
    // @RequestParam是指请求url地址映射中必须含有的参数(除非属性required=false) 
    // @RequestParam可简写为：@RequestParam("username") 
 
    if (!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password)) { 
      return "loginError"; // 跳转页面路径（默认为转发），该路径不需要包含spring-servlet配置文件中配置的前缀和后缀 
    } 
    return "loginSuccess"; 
  } 
 
  @RequestMapping("/test/login2.do") 
  public ModelAndView testLogin2(String username, String password, int age){ 
    // request和response不必非要出现在方法中，如果用不上的话可以去掉 
    // 参数的名称是与页面控件的name相匹配，参数类型会自动被转换 
     
    if (!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password) || age < 5) { 
      return new ModelAndView("loginError"); // 手动实例化ModelAndView完成跳转页面（转发），效果等同于上面的方法返回字符串 
    } 
    return new ModelAndView(new RedirectView("../index.jsp")); // 采用重定向方式跳转页面 
    // 重定向还有一种简单写法 
    // return new ModelAndView("redirect:../index.jsp"); 
  } 
 
  @RequestMapping("/test/login3.do") 
  public ModelAndView testLogin3(User user) { 
    // 同样支持参数为表单对象，类似于Struts的ActionForm，User不需要任何配置，直接写即可 
    String username = user.getUsername(); 
    String password = user.getPassword(); 
    int age = user.getAge(); 
     
    if (!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password) || age < 5) { 
      return new ModelAndView("loginError"); 
    } 
    return new ModelAndView("loginSuccess"); 
  } 
 
  @Resource(name = "loginService") // 获取applicationContext.xml中bean的id为loginService的，并注入 
  private LoginService loginService; //等价于spring传统注入方式写get和set方法，这样的好处是简洁工整，省去了不必要得代码 
 
  @RequestMapping("/test/login4.do") 
  public String testLogin4(User user) { 
    if (loginService.login(user) == false) { 
      return "loginError"; 
    } 
    return "loginSuccess"; 
  } 
}

package controller; 
 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; 
 
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test2/login.do") // 指定唯一一个*.do请求关联到该Controller 
public class TestController2 { 
   
  @RequestMapping
  public String testLogin(String username, String password, int age) { 
    // 如果不加任何参数，则在请求/test2/login.do时，便默认执行该方法 
     
    if (!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password) || age < 5) { 
      return "loginError"; 
    } 
    return "loginSuccess"; 
  } 
 
  @RequestMapping(params = "method=1", method=RequestMethod.POST) 
  public String testLogin2(String username, String password) { 
    // 依据params的参数method的值来区分不同的调用方法 
    // 可以指定页面请求方式的类型，默认为get请求 
     
    if (!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password)) { 
      return "loginError"; 
    } 
    return "loginSuccess"; 
  } 
   
  @RequestMapping(params = "method=2") 
  public String testLogin3(String username, String password, int age) { 
    if (!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password) || age < 5) { 
      return "loginError"; 
    } 
    return "loginSuccess"; 
  } 
}

package controller; 
 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 
 
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test3/*") // 父request请求url 
public class TestController3 { 
 
  @RequestMapping("login.do") // 子request请求url，拼接后等价于/test3/login.do 
  public String testLogin(String username, String password, int age) { 
    if (!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password) || age < 5) { 
      return "loginError"; 
    } 
    return "loginSuccess"; 
  } 
}