Spring Security是一个能够为基于Spring的企业应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制解决方案的安全框架。它提供了一组可以在Spring应用上下文中配置的Bean，充分利用了Spring IoC（控制反转），DI（依赖注入）和AOP（面向切面编程）功能，为应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制功能，减少了为企业系统安全控制编写大量重复代码的工作。
前言
除系统内维护的用户名和密码认证技术外，Spring Security还支持HTTP层面的认证，包括HTTP基本认证和HTTP摘要认证
一、HTTP基本认证是什么？
HTTP基本认证是在RFC2616中定义的一种认证模式。
二、HTTP基本认证流程
- 客户端发起一条没有携带认证信息的请求。
- 服务器返回一条401 Unauthorized响应， 并在WWW-Authentication首部说明认证形式， 当进行HTTP基本认证时， WWW-Authentication会被设置为Basic realm=“被保护页面”。
- 客户端收到401 Unauthorized 响应后， 弹出对话框， 询问用户名和密码。 当用户完成后， 客户端将用户名和密码使用冒号拼接并编码为Base64形式， 然后放入请求的Authorization首部发送给服务器。
- 服务器解码得到客户端发来的用户名和密码，并在验证它们是正确的之后，返回客户端请求的报文
有上面可以看出只需要验证Authentication即可，因此如果不使用浏览器访问HTTP基本认证保护的页面，则自行在请求头中设置Authorization也是可以.
HTTP基本认证是一种无状态的认证方式，与表单认证相比，HTTP基本认证是一种基于HTTP层面的认证方式，无法携带session，即无法实现Remember-ME功能。另外，用户名和密码在传递时仅做一次简单的Base64编码，几乎等同于明文传输，极易出现密码被窃听和重放攻击等安全性问题，在实际系统开发中很少使用这种方式来进行安全验证。 如果有必要，也应使用加密的传输层HTTPS来保障安全.
一.Spring Security使用HTTP基本认证
1.创建项目spring-security-http-auth
pom.xml:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
2.创建配置文件WebSecurityConfig
@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests().anyRequest().authenticated().and().httpBasic();
}
}
上面的配置最后添加了httpBasic()，使用http基本认证
3.运行项目
访问本地项目，http://localhost:8080
会弹出登陆框，我们看到调试工具中返回了401无权限。
我们使用Spring Security提供的默认的用户名和密码登陆。
登陆成功后，header中就会有Authorization: Basic dXNlcjo0NWU2NzViOC1hZGYwLTQzNzMtYjA2MS02MGE0YzkzZjA2ZGU=
二.Spring Security HTTP基本认证原理
上面我们实现了HTTP基本认证，我们看看其中Spring Security中是如何做到的？
我们使用HTTP基本认证的时候，在配置类中使用httpBasic()进行处理。
httpBasic方法：
public HttpBasicConfigurer<HttpSecurity> httpBasic() throws Exception {
return (HttpBasicConfigurer)this.getOrApply(new HttpBasicConfigurer());
}
上面可以看出，Spring Security进行HTTP基本认证是使用HttpBasicConfigurer配置类进行的。
HttpBasicConfigurer.class:
//构建HttpBasicConfigurer
public HttpBasicConfigurer() {
this.realmName("Realm");
LinkedHashMap<RequestMatcher, AuthenticationEntryPoint> entryPoints = new LinkedHashMap();
entryPoints.put(X_REQUESTED_WITH, new HttpStatusEntryPoint(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED));
DelegatingAuthenticationEntryPoint defaultEntryPoint = new DelegatingAuthenticationEntryPoint(entryPoints);
defaultEntryPoint.setDefaultEntryPoint(this.basicAuthEntryPoint);
this.authenticationEntryPoint = defaultEntryPoint;
}
//进行配置
public void configure(B http) {
//进行认证管理
AuthenticationManager authenticationManager = (AuthenticationManager)http.getSharedObject(AuthenticationManager.class);
//声明basic认证拦截器
BasicAuthenticationFilter basicAuthenticationFilter = new BasicAuthenticationFilter(authenticationManager, this.authenticationEntryPoint);
if (this.authenticationDetailsSource != null) {
basicAuthenticationFilter.setAuthenticationDetailsSource(this.authenticationDetailsSource);
}
//注册一个RememberMeServices
RememberMeServices rememberMeServices = (RememberMeServices)http.getSharedObject(RememberMeServices.class);
if (rememberMeServices != null) {
//设置rememberMeServices
basicAuthenticationFilter.setRememberMeServices(rememberMeServices);
}
//申明basicAuthenticationFilter过滤器
basicAuthenticationFilter = (BasicAuthenticationFilter)this.postProcess(basicAuthenticationFilter);
http.addFilter(basicAuthenticationFilter);
}
上面声明BasicAuthenticationFilter并添加到拦截器链中
BasicAuthenticationFilter.class:
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
try {
//获取token
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest = this.authenticationConverter.convert(request);
//authRequest为空直接放行
if (authRequest == null) {
this.logger.trace("Did not process authentication request since failed to find username and password in Basic Authorization header");
chain.doFilter(request, response);
return;
}
//获取用户名
String username = authRequest.getName();
this.logger.trace(LogMessage.format("Found username '%s' in Basic Authorization header", username));
if (this.authenticationIsRequired(username)) {
Authentication authResult = this.authenticationManager.authenticate(authRequest);
//创建上下文
SecurityContext context = SecurityContextHolder.createEmptyContext();
context.setAuthentication(authResult);
//设置响应的上下文
SecurityContextHolder.setContext(context);
if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
this.logger.debug(LogMessage.format("Set SecurityContextHolder to %s", authResult));
}
this.rememberMeServices.loginSuccess(request, response, authResult);
this.onSuccessfulAuthentication(request, response, authResult);
}
} catch (AuthenticationException var8) {
SecurityContextHolder.clearContext();
this.logger.debug("Failed to process authentication request", var8);
this.rememberMeServices.loginFail(request, response);
this.onUnsuccessfulAuthentication(request, response, var8);
if (this.ignoreFailure) {
chain.doFilter(request, response);
} else {
this.authenticationEntryPoint.commence(request, response, var8);
}
return;
}
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
BasicAuthenticationEntryPoint返回进行响应的处理
public void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException {
//添加响应响应头
response.addHeader("WWW-Authenticate", "Basic realm="" + this.realmName + """);
response.sendError(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value(), HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.getReasonPhrase());
}
三.HTTP摘要认证是什么？
HTTP摘要认证和HTTP基本认证一样，也是在RFC2616中定义的认证模式，RFC2617专门对这两种认证模式做了规定。与 HTTP 基本认证相比，HTTP 摘要认证使用对通信双方都可知的口令进行校验，且最终的传输数据并非明文形式。
摘要认证是一种协议规定的Web服务器用来同网页浏览器进行认证信息协商的方法。它在密码发出前，先对其应用哈希函数，这相对于HTTP基本认证发送明文而言，更安全。
从技术上讲，摘要认证是使用随机数来阻止进行密码分析的MD5加密哈希函数应用。
HTTP摘要认证流程：
HTTP摘要认证中的相关参数：
- username： 用户名。
- password： 用户密码。
- realm： 认证域， 由服务器返回。
- opaque： 透传字符串， 客户端应原样返回。
- method： 请求的方法。
- nonce： 由服务器生成的随机字符串。
- nc： 即nonce-count， 指请求的次数， 用于计数， 防止重放攻击。 qop被指定时， nc也必须被指定。
- cnonce： 客户端发给服务器的随机字符串， qop被指定时， cnonce也必须被指定。
- qop： 保护级别， 客户端根据此参数指定摘要算法。 若取值为auth， 则只进行身份验证； 若取
- 值为auth-int， 则还需要校验内容完整性。
- uri： 请求的uri。
- response：客户端根据算法算出的摘要值。
- algorithm：摘要算法， 目前仅支持MD5。
- entity-body：页面实体，非消息实体，仅在auth-int中支持。
- 通常服务器携带的数据包括realm、 opaque、 nonce、 qop等字段， 如果客户端需要做出验证回应，就必须按照一定的算法计算得到一些新的数据并一起返回。
四.Spring Security使用HTTP摘要认证流程？
在Spring Security中没有像HTTP基础认证那样，通过httpBasic()方法进行集成HTTP摘要认证，但是Spring Security提供了像BasicAuthenticationEntryPoint一样的DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint.就是我们需要将DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint添加到filter过滤器中去处理。
代码如下：
WebSecurityConfig类：
@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Autowired
private DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint digestAuthenticationEntryPoint;
@Autowired
private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests().anyRequest().authenticated().and()
.exceptionHandling()
.authenticationEntryPoint(digestAuthenticationEntryPoint)
.and().addFilter(digestAuthenticationFilter());
}
public DigestAuthenticationFilter digestAuthenticationFilter(){
DigestAuthenticationFilter digestAuthenticationFilter = new DigestAuthenticationFilter();
digestAuthenticationFilter.setUserDetailsService(userDetailsService);
digestAuthenticationFilter.setAuthenticationEntryPoint(digestAuthenticationEntryPoint);
return digestAuthenticationFilter;
}
}
申明DigestAuthenticationEntryPointBean:
@Bean
public DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint digestAuthenticationEntryPoint(){
DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint digestAuthenticationEntryPoint = new DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint();
digestAuthenticationEntryPoint.setRealmName("realName");
digestAuthenticationEntryPoint.setKey("tony");
return digestAuthenticationEntryPoint;
}
@Bean
public DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint digestAuthenticationEntryPoint(){
DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint digestAuthenticationEntryPoint = new DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint();
digestAuthenticationEntryPoint.setRealmName("realm");
digestAuthenticationEntryPoint.setKey("tony");
return digestAuthenticationEntryPoint;
}
@Bean
public UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
InMemoryUserDetailsManager manager = new InMemoryUserDetailsManager();
manager.createUser(User.withUsername("tony").password("123456").roles("admin").build());
return manager;
}
@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
return NoOpPasswordEncoder.getInstance();
}
运行项目
访问主页，http://localhost:8080,返回如下页面：
我们输入用户名和密码登陆。
当长时间未登录，随机字符串到期了也登陆不上。
默认的过期时间为300s，我们可以通过设置时间。
DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint中realmName和key是必须要设置的。
相关源码：
public void afterPropertiesSet() {
Assert.hasLength(this.realmName, "realmName must be specified");
Assert.hasLength(this.key, "key must be specified");
}
public void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException {
//计算过期时间
long expiryTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + (long)(this.nonceValiditySeconds * 1000);
//计算签名值
String signatureValue = DigestAuthUtils.md5Hex(expiryTime + ":" + this.key);
//随机字符串
String nonceValue = expiryTime + ":" + signatureValue;
//随机字符串base64
String nonceValueBase64 = new String(Base64.getEncoder().encode(nonceValue.getBytes()));
String authenticateHeader = "Digest realm="" + this.realmName + "", qop="auth", nonce="" + nonceValueBase64 + """;
if (authException instanceof NonceExpiredException) {
authenticateHeader = authenticateHeader + ", stale="true"";
}
logger.debug(LogMessage.format("WWW-Authenticate header sent to user agent: %s", authenticateHeader));
response.addHeader("WWW-Authenticate", authenticateHeader);
response.sendError(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value(), HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.getReasonPhrase());
}
进行处理的时候使用DigestAuthenticationFilter进行处理
public void afterPropertiesSet() {
//必须设置userDetailsService
Assert.notNull(this.userDetailsService, "A UserDetailsService is required");
//必须设置authenticationEntryPoint
Assert.notNull(this.authenticationEntryPoint, "A DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint is required");
}
private void doFilter(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
String header = request.getHeader("Authorization");
if (header != null && header.startsWith("Digest ")) {
logger.debug(LogMessage.format("Digest Authorization header received from user agent: %s", header));
DigestAuthenticationFilter.DigestData digestAuth = new DigestAuthenticationFilter.DigestData(header);
try {
//验证并且解密
digestAuth.validateAndDecode(this.authenticationEntryPoint.getKey(), this.authenticationEntryPoint.getRealmName());
} catch (BadCredentialsException var11) {
this.fail(request, response, var11);
return;
}
//缓存
boolean cacheWasUsed = true;
//缓存用户数据
UserDetails user = this.userCache.getUserFromCache(digestAuth.getUsername());
String serverDigestMd5;
try {
if (user == null) {
cacheWasUsed = false;
user = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(digestAuth.getUsername());
if (user == null) {
throw new AuthenticationServiceException("AuthenticationDao returned null, which is an interface contract violation");
}
this.userCache.putUserInCache(user);
}
//服务器md5摘要
serverDigestMd5 = digestAuth.calculateServerDigest(user.getPassword(), request.getMethod());
if (!serverDigestMd5.equals(digestAuth.getResponse()) && cacheWasUsed) {
logger.debug("Digest comparison failure; trying to refresh user from DAO in case password had changed");
user = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(digestAuth.getUsername());
this.userCache.putUserInCache(user);
serverDigestMd5 = digestAuth.calculateServerDigest(user.getPassword(), request.getMethod());
}
} catch (UsernameNotFoundException var12) {
String message = this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.usernameNotFound", new Object[]{digestAuth.getUsername()}, "Username {0} not found");
this.fail(request, response, new BadCredentialsException(message));
return;
}
String message;
if (!serverDigestMd5.equals(digestAuth.getResponse())) {
logger.debug(LogMessage.format("Expected response: '%s' but received: '%s'; is AuthenticationDao returning clear text passwords?", serverDigestMd5, digestAuth.getResponse()));
message = this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.incorrectResponse", "Incorrect response");
this.fail(request, response, new BadCredentialsException(message));
} else if (digestAuth.isNonceExpired()) {
message = this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.nonceExpired", "Nonce has expired/timed out");
this.fail(request, response, new NonceExpiredException(message));
} else {
logger.debug(LogMessage.format("Authentication success for user: '%s' with response: '%s'", digestAuth.getUsername(), digestAuth.getResponse()));
Authentication authentication = this.createSuccessfulAuthentication(request, user);
SecurityContext context = SecurityContextHolder.createEmptyContext();
context.setAuthentication(authentication);
SecurityContextHolder.setContext(context);
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
} else {
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}
DigestData为摘要数据：
private class DigestData {
//用户名
private final String username;
//认证域
private final String realm;
//随机字符串
private final String nonce;
private final String uri;
private final String response;
//保护级别
private final String qop;
//即nonce-count， 指请求的次数， 用于计数， 防止重放攻击
private final String nc;
private final String cnonce;
private final String section212response;
private long nonceExpiryTime;
DigestData(String header) {
this.section212response = header.substring(7);
String[] headerEntries = DigestAuthUtils.splitIgnoringQuotes(this.section212response, ',');
Map<String, String> headerMap = DigestAuthUtils.splitEachArrayElementAndCreateMap(headerEntries, "=", """);
this.username = (String)headerMap.get("username");
this.realm = (String)headerMap.get("realm");
this.nonce = (String)headerMap.get("nonce");
this.uri = (String)headerMap.get("uri");
this.response = (String)headerMap.get("response");
this.qop = (String)headerMap.get("qop");
this.nc = (String)headerMap.get("nc");
this.cnonce = (String)headerMap.get("cnonce");
DigestAuthenticationFilter.logger.debug(LogMessage.format("Extracted username: '%s'; realm: '%s'; nonce: '%s'; uri: '%s'; response: '%s'", new Object[]{this.username, this.realm, this.nonce, this.uri, this.response}));
}
//验证和解密
void validateAndDecode(String entryPointKey, String expectedRealm) throws BadCredentialsException {
if (this.username != null && this.realm != null && this.nonce != null && this.uri != null && this.response != null) {
if ("auth".equals(this.qop) && (this.nc == null || this.cnonce == null)) {
DigestAuthenticationFilter.logger.debug(LogMessage.format("extracted nc: '%s'; cnonce: '%s'", this.nc, this.cnonce));
throw new BadCredentialsException(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.missingAuth", new Object[]{this.section212response}, "Missing mandatory digest value; received header {0}"));
} else if (!expectedRealm.equals(this.realm)) {
throw new BadCredentialsException(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.incorrectRealm", new Object[]{this.realm, expectedRealm}, "Response realm name '{0}' does not match system realm name of '{1}'"));
} else {
byte[] nonceBytes;
try {
nonceBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(this.nonce.getBytes());
} catch (IllegalArgumentException var8) {
throw new BadCredentialsException(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.nonceEncoding", new Object[]{this.nonce}, "Nonce is not encoded in Base64; received nonce {0}"));
}
String nonceAsPlainText = new String(nonceBytes);
String[] nonceTokens = StringUtils.delimitedListToStringArray(nonceAsPlainText, ":");
if (nonceTokens.length != 2) {
throw new BadCredentialsException(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.nonceNotTwoTokens", new Object[]{nonceAsPlainText}, "Nonce should have yielded two tokens but was {0}"));
} else {
try {
this.nonceExpiryTime = new Long(nonceTokens[0]);
} catch (NumberFormatException var7) {
throw new BadCredentialsException(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.nonceNotNumeric", new Object[]{nonceAsPlainText}, "Nonce token should have yielded a numeric first token, but was {0}"));
}
String expectedNonceSignature = DigestAuthUtils.md5Hex(this.nonceExpiryTime + ":" + entryPointKey);
if (!expectedNonceSignature.equals(nonceTokens[1])) {
throw new BadCredentialsException(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.nonceCompromised", new Object[]{nonceAsPlainText}, "Nonce token compromised {0}"));
}
}
}
} else {
throw new BadCredentialsException(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.missingMandatory", new Object[]{this.section212response}, "Missing mandatory digest value; received header {0}"));
}
}
//计算服务摘要
String calculateServerDigest(String password, String httpMethod) {
//生产摘要
return DigestAuthUtils.generateDigest(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.passwordAlreadyEncoded, this.username, this.realm, password, httpMethod, this.uri, this.qop, this.nonce, this.nc, this.cnonce);
}
//判断随机数是否到期
boolean isNonceExpired() {
long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
return this.nonceExpiryTime < now;
}
String getUsername() {
return this.username;
}
String getResponse() {
return this.response;
}
}
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